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What are URL schemes and URI schemes? An easy-to-understand explanation of the basic concepts of Internet communication
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) schemes and URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) schemes are fundamental concepts in Internet communication. They are used to identify and locate resources such as web pages, files, and other resources on the internet. Understanding URL and URI schemes is essential for anyone who wants to navigate the web effectively and understand how information is accessed and shared.
URL Scheme
A URL scheme is a part of a URL that defines the protocol used to access a resource. It specifies the type of communication that should occur between the client (usually a web browser) and the server hosting the resource. Some popular URL schemes include:
– HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It is used for accessing various resources such as web pages, images, and files.
– HTTPS: The HTTPS (HTTP Secure) scheme is an extension of HTTP that uses encryption to secure the communication between the client and server. It is commonly used for secure transactions, such as online banking or shopping.
– FTP: The File Transfer Protocol is used for transferring files between a client and a server. It allows users to upload and download files from remote servers.
– mailto: The mailto scheme is used to create hyperlinks that initiate an email composition window. When clicked, it opens the user’s default email client with the recipient’s email address already filled in.
URI Scheme
A URI scheme is a broader concept that encompasses both URLs and other types of identifiers. In addition to specifying the protocol for resource access, URI schemes can be used to identify different types of resources, such as email addresses or telephone numbers. Some examples of URI schemes include:
– tel: The tel scheme is used to specify telephone numbers. It allows users to click on a telephone number displayed on a web page to initiate a phone call on their mobile device.
– mailto: As mentioned earlier, the mailto scheme is used to specify email addresses. It enables users to click on email addresses to compose a new email.
– file: The file scheme is used to access local files on a user’s device. It allows users to access files stored on their computers through a web browser.
Summary
URL and URI schemes are essential tools for navigating and accessing resources on the internet. URL schemes define the communication protocols used to access resources, while URI schemes encompass a broader range of resource identifiers. Understanding these concepts will enhance your ability to interact with the web and make the most of its vast resources.
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