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What is a TXT record? Easy-to-understand explanation of basic DNS concepts
Have you ever wondered how your computer is able to find websites on the internet? The answer lies in the Domain Name System (DNS), a vital component of the internet infrastructure. DNS translates domain names (like example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers can understand and use to connect with each other. In this blog post, we will focus on one specific aspect of DNS: the TXT record.
What is a TXT record?
A TXT record, short for Text record, is a type of DNS record that contains arbitrary textual information associated with a domain. While other DNS record types are used for specific purposes like mapping domain names to IP addresses (A record), defining mail servers (MX record), or enabling secure connections (TLSA record), the TXT record is a versatile tool that can be used for a variety of purposes.
When you visit a website, your computer queries the DNS servers to find the IP address associated with the domain name. Along with the IP address, the DNS server may also return one or more TXT records. These records can be used to provide additional information about the domain or to verify the authenticity of the website.
Examples of TXT record usage
There are several common uses for TXT records. Let’s explore a few:
1. Domain verification: Many web services, such as Google Workspace or Microsoft Office 365, require domain owners to verify their ownership before granting access to certain features. This verification is often done by adding a specific TXT record to the domain’s DNS configuration.
2. Sender Policy Framework (SPF): SPF is an email authentication method that helps prevent email spoofing. By adding a TXT record to your domain’s DNS, you can specify which servers are authorized to send emails on behalf of your domain. This helps email servers verify the authenticity of incoming emails and reduces the likelihood of them being marked as spam.
3. DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM): DKIM is another email authentication method that uses cryptographic keys to verify the integrity of an email’s content. A TXT record is used to store the public key that is used to verify DKIM signatures.
These are just a few examples of how TXT records can be used. The flexibility of TXT records allows domain owners to add custom information that can be read by other services, like human-readable notes or machine-readable data.
Editing TXT records
To add, modify, or delete a TXT record for your domain, you need to access your domain registrar or DNS provider’s control panel. Look for the DNS management section and find the option to manage your domain’s DNS records. There, you can add a new TXT record, specifying the content and any additional settings required.
Conclusion
The TXT record is a versatile tool within the domain name system that allows domain owners to add textual information associated with their domain. Whether it is for domain verification, email authentication, or custom data storage, TXT records provide a flexible means of extending the functionality of a domain. By understanding and using TXT records effectively, you can enhance the security and reliability of your domain’s online presence.
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