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What is an expansion card (expansion board)? – Hardware that enhances computer functionality
An expansion card, also known as an expansion board, is a hardware component that enhances the functionality of a computer by adding new features or upgrading existing ones. It is a circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot on the computer’s motherboard.
Expansion cards are commonly used to provide additional ports, connectors, or processing power to a computer system. They can be categorized into various types, each serving a specific purpose. Some of the most common types of expansion cards include:
1. Graphics Card
A graphics card is an expansion card that is responsible for rendering images, videos, and graphics on a computer monitor. It contains a graphics processing unit (GPU) that offloads the graphical processing tasks from the computer’s main processor (CPU) to deliver smoother and more realistic visual experiences.
2. Sound Card
A sound card is an expansion card that enhances the audio capabilities of a computer. It provides high-quality sound output and often includes additional audio inputs for recording purposes. Sound cards are particularly useful for gamers, multimedia enthusiasts, and professionals involved in audio editing or production.
3. Network Interface Card (NIC)
A network interface card, commonly known as a NIC or Ethernet card, is used to connect a computer to a local area network (LAN) or the internet. It facilitates the transmission and reception of data over a network by converting digital data into electrical signals that can be transmitted through network cables.
4. Wireless Card
A wireless card, also referred to as a wireless adapter, enables wireless connectivity on a computer. It allows the computer to connect to Wi-Fi networks and eliminates the need for wired internet connections. Wireless cards are commonly used in laptops or desktop computers that do not have built-in Wi-Fi capabilities.
5. RAID Controller
A RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) controller card expands the storage capabilities of a computer by enabling the use of multiple hard drives in various RAID configurations. It provides increased data protection, performance, and storage capacity, making it ideal for users who handle large amounts of data or require fault-tolerant storage solutions.
To install an expansion card, the computer must have an appropriate expansion slot available on the motherboard. The most common types of expansion slots are Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe). The card is inserted into the slot and securely fastened using screws or clips. Once installed, the computer’s operating system usually recognizes the new hardware and installs the necessary drivers.
In conclusion, an expansion card or expansion board is a valuable hardware component that enhances the functionality of a computer. Whether it’s improving graphical performance, audio capabilities, network connectivity, or storage options, expansion cards play a crucial role in upgrading and customizing computer systems to meet specific needs.
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