What is Hardware Flow Control? – An Easy-to-understand Explanation of the Basic Concepts of Data Communication
Data communication is an essential aspect of modern technology, enabling the exchange of information between devices. In any communication link, there is a need to manage the flow of data to ensure efficient transfer and avoid data loss. This is where hardware flow control comes into play.
Hardware flow control is a mechanism used in data communication to regulate the flow of data between a sender and a receiver. It allows the receiver to inform the sender when it is ready to receive more data or when it needs the sender to pause transmission. In simpler terms, it facilitates a “communication handshake” between the two devices.
Imagine a scenario where a fast computer is sending data to a slower printer. Without flow control, the printer might become overwhelmed and start dropping data. This could lead to inaccuracies in printed documents. To prevent such issues, hardware flow control helps synchronize the transmission between devices by allowing the receiver to dictate the flow of data.
There are two primary techniques used in hardware flow control:
1. XON/XOFF – This technique uses special control characters called XON (Transmission On) and XOFF (Transmission Off) to control data flow. When a receiver is ready to receive more data, it sends an XON signal to the sender. If the receiver needs the sender to pause, it sends an XOFF signal. This technique is commonly used in serial communication protocols like RS-232.
2. RTS/CTS – Also known as Ready to Send/Clear to Send, this technique uses specific signals sent between the sender and receiver. The sender uses the RTS signal to inform the receiver that it is ready to send data. The receiver responds with the CTS signal, indicating that it is ready to receive. This technique is commonly used in parallel communication protocols like IEEE 1284 (Centronics).
By using hardware flow control techniques like XON/XOFF or RTS/CTS, devices can effectively manage the flow of data, ensuring smooth and reliable communication. It prevents data congestion, eliminates the risk of data loss, and optimizes the overall performance of the communication link.
In conclusion, hardware flow control is a crucial aspect of data communication. It enables devices to synchronize the transmission of data, ensuring efficient and error-free communication. By incorporating hardware flow control techniques in communication protocols, we can enhance the reliability and performance of various devices in our modern interconnected world.
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