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What are Physical Format and Low Level Format?
When it comes to hard disks, two important terms often come up – physical format and low level format. These terms refer to the process of preparing a hard disk for data storage and organization at the lowest level. Let’s delve into each concept and understand what they mean.
Physical Format:
Physical format, also known as high-level formatting, is the initial process of dividing a hard disk into logical units called sectors, tracks, and cylinders. It involves creating the necessary data structures on the disk to enable the operating system to read, write, and organize data effectively. During physical formatting, the disk is divided into tracks, and each track is further divided into sectors.
This process prepares the hard disk to handle file systems and creates metadata structures such as the file allocation table (FAT) or the master file table (MFT) depending on the file system being used. Physical formatting also includes checking the disk for errors and marking bad sectors that are unreliable for data storage.
It is important to note that physical formatting is usually performed by the hard disk manufacturer and is not something a regular user needs to worry about. When you purchase a new hard disk, it comes pre-formatted and ready to use.
Low Level Format:
Low level format, also known as a low-level formatting or zero-filling, is a more advanced process that deals directly with the magnetic medium of the hard disk. It involves erasing all data on the disk and resetting it to its factory state by writing zeros to every bit of the disk.
Low level formatting is performed to resolve issues such as bad sectors, data corruption, or to completely erase sensitive data from the hard disk. It wipes out all existing data and configurations, including the file system and partitions.
It’s essential to understand that low level formatting should only be performed in special cases and under the supervision of professionals because it can potentially cause irreversible damage to the hard disk. In most situations, regular users can rely on high-level formatting performed by the operating system.
In conclusion, physical format and low level format are two distinct processes involved in preparing a hard disk for data storage and organization. Physical format establishes the necessary structures for the operating system to interact with the disk, while low level format erases all data and restores the disk to its factory state.
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